Human reproduction (short note) part 3

Reproductive health- family planning were initiated in 1951.

The medical termination of pregnancy (amendment) act for illegal abortion.

Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 .

MTP= medical termination of pregnancy.

The world population which was around 2  billions (2000 million) in 1900.

 6 billion in 2000.

7.2 billions in 2011.

Contraceptive method- natural/traditional, barrier, IUDs, oral contraceptives, injectable, implants and surgical method.

1. Intrauterine devices-( IUDs ):-these devices are inserted by doctor or expert nurses in the uterus through vagina eg- lippes loop, copper releasing intrauterine devices ( cu T ,cu7, multiload 375) and the hormone releasing intrauterine devices

 Hormone releasing intrauterine devices:- progestasert, LNG 20.

Intrauterine devices increased phagocytosis of sperms with in the uterus.

Copper iron released suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperm..

Intrauterine devices are ideal contraceptive for the female who want to delay pregnancy or space between children.

Pills have to be taken daily for a period of 21 days starting preferably within the first five days after menstruation after a gap of 7  days.( During which menstruation occurs).

Pills inhibit ovulation and implantation.

Saheli- oral contraceptives. It is a once a week.

Progestogens alone or in combination with oestrogen can also so be used by females as injection or implants under the skin. Its action is similar to that after pills and their effective period are much longer ( within 72 hours of coitus).

Surgical method are also called sterilization.

In male  vas deferense duct are sterilized .

But in female fallopian duct (oviduct) are sterilized.

MTP are considered relatively safe during the first trimester that is up to 12 week of pregnancy(3month).

STIs :- sexual transmitted infections.

PID:- PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE.

ART:- assisted reproductive technologies.

IVF:- in vitro fertilization (outside of the body).

ZIFT:- zygote intrafallopian transfer.

ICSI:- intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

IUI:- intrauterine insemination.

Note- the non medicated intrauterine device is lippes loop.

Nearly 45 to 50 millions MTPs are perform in a year year all over the world.

Saheli non steroidal preparation.